ABSTRACT
Malankholia [melancholia] is defined as a disorder in which the mental functions are deranged and the afflicted person is more prone toward constant grief, fear, and dubious aggression, and the ability to analyze and interpret things is grossly affected, as enunciated by Jalinus [Galen] and quoted by Zakaria Razi [850-923 AD] in his world-renowned treatise "Kitab Al-Havi." The term melancholia literally means "black humor," which is the predominant causative factor. Mental ill-health is one of the most disturbing and disabling disorders of life. It affects not only the concerned person but also his/ her family and the society as a whole with social stigma attached to it. The problem is steadily on the rise due to factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and increase in lifespan, together with the breakup of the joint family system, with implication of multiple genes augmenting the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric illness is almost the same globally, about 8-10 per 1000 population. Unani, an age-old traditional system of medicine, has described in its classical text not only the concept of this disorder but also its management with various modes of treatment, which if pursued will mitigate the suffering of humanity to a great extent. The present review manuscript is an attempt to highlight the available literature from the Unani perspective
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to explore the histopathological findings and the rate of removal of ovaries in hysterectomy specimens. This study took into account 328 hysterectomy specimens examined in the Department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College and in one private Pathology Laboratory in Mymensingh town from March to August, 2005. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were examined under light microscope. Patients' age, parts of uterus examined and their histopathological findings were retrieved from laboratory records. The common histopathological findings were: chronic cervicitis (87.80%), leiomyoma (17.07%), uterine prolapse (16.72%), adenomyosis (3.96), non-specific endometritis (3.35%), squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (2.44%), endometrial polyp (2.44%), serous cystadenoma of ovary (2.44%) and endometrial hyperplasia (1.83%). Some of the specimens show more than one lesions in the body of uterus, of which coexistence of adenomyosis and leiomyoma was the most common. Neoplastic lesions in cervix were 4.27%, in body 16.92% and in ovaries 5.06%. Malignant neoplasms were found in cervix 71.43%, in uterine corpus 3.03% and in ovaries 25%. Ovaries of both sides were removed in 48.17% of total cases. Their median age was 45 years, lowest age 23 years and maximum age was 82. The rate of removal of both ovaries was found to be increasing with the increase of age. Only one case was found to be subtotal hysterectomy and others were total hysterectomy. The present study revealed that the most common histopathological cause of hysterectomy is chronic cervicitis. Most common neoplastic cause of hysterectomy is leiomyoma. The rationalities and the possible after effect of hysterectomy in sexual functions and other physiological impairment should be followed up.